Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C).
Pat the chicken dry with paper towels. Season generously with salt and pepper inside and out.
Stuff the cavity with 1/4 cup (1/2 stick) butter and thyme sprigs. Squeeze lemon into the cavity, then add the lemon half.
Spread remaining butter under the chicken skin and brush the skin with olive oil.
Place the chicken on a wire rack in a roasting pan.
Bake uncovered for about 45 minutes until a thermometer reads 160°F (70°C).
Remove from oven, baste with drippings, and let rest for 30 minutes before carving.
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