In a small bowl, mix miso, sake, soy sauce, and sugar.
Heat oil in a skillet over medium heat. Add scallops; cook for 3-4 minutes on one side, then flip and cook until no longer translucent and fully cooked, approximately 1 minute more.
Reduce heat to low; let the skillet cool down for about 1 minute. Pour in the miso mixture; cook for around 3 minutes, adding water if needed to thin the sauce. Stir in butter until melted.
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